The Scottish Parliament is the national, unicameral legislature of Scotland, located in the Holyrood area of the capital Edinburgh. England, therefore, is the only country in the UK not to have its own devolved parliament. This contrasts with a federal system, in which sub-parliaments or state parliaments and assemblies have a clearly defined constitutional right to exist and a right to exercise certain constitutionally guaranteed and defined functions and cannot be unilaterally abolished by acts of the central parliament. The UK is a unitary state with a devolved system of government.
Their power over economic issues is significantly constrained by an act of parliament passed in 2020.
Both the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Senedd gained legislative power over some forms of taxation between 20. Each can have its powers broadened, narrowed or changed by an act of the UK Parliament. Though the British parliament remains the sovereign parliament, Scotland and Wales have devolved parliaments and Northern Ireland has an assembly. The coalition ended following parliamentary elections on, in which the Conservative Party won an outright majority of seats, 330 of the 650 seats in the House of Commons, while their coalition partners lost all but eight seats. A Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government held office from 2010 until 2015, the first coalition since 1945. While coalition and minority governments have been an occasional feature of parliamentary politics, the first-past-the-post electoral system used for general elections tends to maintain the dominance of these two parties, though each has in the past century relied upon a third party, such as the Liberal Democrats, to deliver a working majority in Parliament. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics, the Liberal Party was the other major political party, along with the Conservatives. Since the 1920s, the two dominant parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. The British political system is a two-party system. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the House of Commons and the House of Lords, as well as in the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh parliaments. Executive power is exercised by the British government, on behalf of and by the consent of the monarch, and the devolved governments of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state with devolution that is governed within the framework of a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy in which the monarch, currently Charles III, King of the United Kingdom, is the head of state while the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Rishi Sunak, is the head of government.
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